Undoing the African Debt Trap

In 2022, public debt in Africa reached USD 1.8 trillion. While this is a fraction of the overall outstanding debt of developing countries, Africa’s sovereign debt has increased by 183% since 2010, a rate roughly four times higher than its growth rate of GDP in dollar terms. Today, 60% of African countries spend more on repaying their debts than on healthcare, a trend that has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, the war on Ukraine and the overall economic slowdown in the past few years. While international organizations have stepped in to support (for example, the G20 assisted 31 out of 36 eligible African countries with its Debt Service Suspension Initiative (DSSI)), the question remains: Why has Africa not been able to break out of this debt trap? And what role does the public and private sector play in moving past this dynamic?

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